45 poleceń Zyppera do zarządzania zarządzaniem pakietami systemu Linux „Suse”.
SUSE (Software and System Entwicklung (Niemcy) oznacza rozwój oprogramowania i systemu w języku angielskim) Linux leży na jądrze Linuksa dostarczonym przez firmę Novell. SUSE jest dostępny w dwóch opakowaniach. Jeden z nich nazywa się OpenSUSE i jest ogólnodostępny (bezpłatny jak w mowie i darmowy jak w winie). Jest to projekt kierowany przez społeczność, pełen obsługi najnowszych aplikacji. Najnowsza stabilna wersja OpenSUSE Linux to 13.2.
Druga to SUSE Linux Enterprise, która jest komercyjną dystrybucją Linuksa zaprojektowaną specjalnie dla przedsiębiorstw i produkcji. Wersja SUSE Linux Enterprise zawiera różnorodne aplikacje i funkcje dla przedsiębiorstw dostosowane do środowiska produkcyjnego. Najnowsza stabilna wersja SUSE Linux Enterprise Edition to 12.
Możesz sprawdzić szczegółową instrukcję instalacji SUSE Linux Enterprise Server pod adresem:
- Instalacja SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12
Zypper i YaST to menedżer pakietów dla systemu SUSE Linux, który działa z prędkością RPM.
YaST, co oznacza Jeszcze jedno narzędzie konfiguracyjne, to narzędzie działające w wersjach OpenSUSE i SUSE Enterprise do administrowania, zainstaluj i skonfiguruj SUSE Linux.
Zypper to interfejs wiersza poleceń menedżera pakietów ZYpp, służący do instalowania, usuwania i aktualizowania SUSE. ZYpp to silnik zarządzania pakietami, który obsługuje zarówno Zypper, jak i YaST.
W tym artykule zobaczymy Zyppera w akcji, który będzie instalował, aktualizował, usuwał i robił wszystko, co może zrobić menedżer pakietów. No to ruszamy…
Ważne: pamiętaj, że wszystkie te polecenia służą do wprowadzania zmian w całym systemie, dlatego należy je uruchomić jako root, w przeciwnym razie polecenie nie powiedzie się.
Uzyskiwanie podstawowej pomocy dotyczącej Zyppera
1. Uruchom Zypper bez żadnej opcji, wyświetli się lista wszystkich globalnych opcji i poleceń.
# zypper
Usage:
zypper [--global-options]2. Aby uzyskać pomoc dotyczącą konkretnego polecenia, powiedz „in” (instaluj), uruchom poniższe polecenia.
# zypper help in
OR
# zypper help install
install (in) [options] <capability|rpm_file_uri> ...
Install packages with specified capabilities or RPM files with specified
location. A capability is NAME[.ARCH][OP], where OP is one
of <, <=, =, >=, >.
Command options:
--from <alias|#|URI> Select packages from the specified repository.
-r, --repo <alias|#|URI> Load only the specified repository.
-t, --type Type of package (package, patch, pattern, product, srcpackage).
Default: package.
-n, --name Select packages by plain name, not by capability.
-C, --capability Select packages by capability.
-f, --force Install even if the item is already installed (reinstall),
downgraded or changes vendor or architecture.
--oldpackage Allow to replace a newer item with an older one.
Handy if you are doing a rollback. Unlike --force
it will not enforce a reinstall.
--replacefiles Install the packages even if they replace files from other,
already installed, packages. Default is to treat file conflicts
as an error. --download-as-needed disables the fileconflict check.
......
3. Wyszukaj pakiet (powiedzmy gnome-desktop) przed instalacją.
zypper se gnome-desktop
Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done]
Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done]
Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ......................................................... [done]
Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done]
Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' metadata ..............................................................[done]
Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' cache ...................................................................[done]
Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' metadata ...........................................................[done]
Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' cache ................................................................[done]
Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' metadata ...................................................[done]
Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' cache ........................................................[done]
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
S | Name | Summary | Type
--+---------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+-----------
| gnome-desktop2-lang | Languages for package gnome-desktop2 | package
| gnome-desktop2 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package
| libgnome-desktop-2-17 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package
| libgnome-desktop-3-10 | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package
| libgnome-desktop-3-devel | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files | package
| libgnome-desktop-3_0-common | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Common data files | package
| gnome-desktop-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop | package
| gnome-desktop-sharp2-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop-sharp2 | package
| gnome-desktop2-debugsource | Debug sources for package gnome-desktop2 | package
| libgnome-desktop-2-17-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-2-17 | package
| libgnome-desktop-3-10-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3-10 | package
| libgnome-desktop-3_0-common-debuginfo | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3_0-common | package
| libgnome-desktop-2-17-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-2-17 | package
| libgnome-desktop-3-10-debuginfo-32bit | Debug information for package libgnome-desktop-3-10 | package
| gnome-desktop-sharp2 | Mono bindings for libgnome-desktop | package
| libgnome-desktop-2-devel | The GNOME Desktop API Library -- Development Files | package
| gnome-desktop-lang | Languages for package gnome-desktop | package
| libgnome-desktop-2-17-32bit | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package
| libgnome-desktop-3-10-32bit | The GNOME Desktop API Library | package
| gnome-desktop | The GNOME Desktop API Library | srcpackage
4. Uzyskaj informacje o pakiecie wzorców (powiedzmy serwer_lamp) za pomocą następującego polecenia.
zypper info -t pattern lamp_server
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Information for pattern lamp_server:
------------------------------------
Repository: openSUSE-13.2-Update
Name: lamp_server
Version: 20141007-5.1
Arch: x86_64
Vendor: openSUSE
Installed: No
Visible to User: Yes
Summary: Web and LAMP Server
Description:
Software to set up a Web server that is able to serve static, dynamic, and interactive content (like a Web shop). This includes Apache HTTP Server, the database management system MySQL,
and scripting languages such as PHP, Python, Ruby on Rails, or Perl.
Contents:
S | Name | Type | Dependency
--+-------------------------------+---------+-----------
| apache2-mod_php5 | package |
| php5-iconv | package |
i | patterns-openSUSE-base | package |
i | apache2-prefork | package |
| php5-dom | package |
| php5-mysql | package |
i | apache2 | package |
| apache2-example-pages | package |
| mariadb | package |
| apache2-mod_perl | package |
| php5-ctype | package |
| apache2-doc | package |
| yast2-http-server | package |
| patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server | package |
5. Aby otworzyć sesję powłoki Zypper, uruchom poniższe polecenie.
# zypper shell
OR
# zypper sh
zypper> help
Usage:
zypper [--global-options]Uwaga: w powłoce Zyppera wpisz „pomoc”, aby wyświetlić listę globalnych opcji i poleceń.
Zarządzanie repozytorium Zypper
Wyświetlanie zdefiniowanych repozytoriów
6. Użyj poleceń zypper repos lub zypper lr, aby wyświetlić listę wszystkich zdefiniowanych repozytoriów.
# zypper repos
OR
# zypper lr
| Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh
--+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+--------
1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No
2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes
3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes
4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes
5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes
7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes
8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes
9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
7. Wyświetl zypper URI w tabeli.
# zypper lr -u
| Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | URI
--+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------
1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No | cd:///?devices=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-VBOX_CD-ROM_VB2-01700376
2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/
3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/update/13.2/
4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/debug/update/13.2-non-oss/
5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/non-oss/
6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/
7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/source/distribution/13.2/repo/oss/
8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2/
9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.2-non-oss/
8. Lista priorytetów repozytorium i lista według priorytetów.
# zypper lr -P
| Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh | Priority
--+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+---------+---------
1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No | 99
2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes | 99
3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes | 99
4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes | 99
5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | 85
6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | Yes | Yes | 99
7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes | 99
8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes | 99
9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes | 99
Odświeżanie repozytoriów
9. Użyj poleceń zypper odświeżania lub zypper ref, aby odświeżyć repozytoria Zypper.
# zypper refresh
OR
# zypper ref
Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' is up to date.
Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' is up to date.
Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date.
Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Oss' is up to date.
Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update' is up to date.
Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss' is up to date.
All repositories have been refreshed.
10. Aby odświeżyć określone repozytorium, powiedz „repo-non-oss”, wpisz:
# zypper refresh repo-non-oss
Repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' is up to date.
Specified repositories have been refreshed.
11. Aby wymusić aktualizację repozytorium, powiedz „repo-non-oss”, wpisz:
# zypper ref -f repo-non-oss
Forcing raw metadata refresh
Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ............................................................[done]
Forcing building of repository cache
Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ............................................................[done]
Specified repositories have been refreshed.
Modyfikowanie repozytoriów
Tutaj używamy poleceń „zypper modyfikacjirepo” lub „zypper mr”, aby wyłączyć i włączyć repozytoria Zypper.
12. Przed wyłączeniem repozytorium musisz wiedzieć, że w Zypperze każde repozytorium ma swój własny, unikalny numer, który służy do wyłączania lub włączania repozytorium.
Powiedzmy, że chcesz wyłączyć repozytorium „repo-oss”, aby najpierw wyłączyć jego numer, wpisz następującą komendę.
# zypper lr
| Alias | Name | Enabled | Refresh
--+---------------------------+------------------------------------+---------+--------
1 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | openSUSE-13.2-0 | Yes | No
2 | repo-debug | openSUSE-13.2-Debug | Yes | Yes
3 | repo-debug-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug | No | Yes
4 | repo-debug-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Debug-Non-Oss | No | Yes
5 | repo-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
6 | repo-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Oss | No | Yes
7 | repo-source | openSUSE-13.2-Source | No | Yes
8 | repo-update | openSUSE-13.2-Update | Yes | Yes
9 | repo-update-non-oss | openSUSE-13.2-Update-Non-Oss | Yes | Yes
Czy widzisz na powyższym wyjściu, że repozytorium „repo-oss” ma numer 6, aby to wyłączyć, musisz podać numer 6 wraz z następującym poleceniem.
# zypper mr -d 6
Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully disabled.
13. Aby ponownie włączyć to samo repozytorium „repo-oss”, które pojawia się pod numerem 6 (jak pokazano w powyższym przykładzie).
# zypper mr -e 6
Repository 'repo-oss' has been successfully enabled.
14. Włącz automatyczne odświeżanie i plik RPM „buforowanie” dla repo, powiedz „repo-non-oss” i ustaw jego priorytet na powiedz 85.
# zypper mr -rk -p 85 repo-non-oss
Repository 'repo-non-oss' priority has been left unchanged (85)
Nothing to change for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
15. Wyłącz buforowanie plików RPM dla wszystkich repozytoriów.
# zypper mr -Ka
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'.
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'.
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'.
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
16. Włącz buforowanie plików RPM dla wszystkich repozytoriów.
# zypper mr -ka
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0'.
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'.
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'.
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
17. Wyłącz buforowanie plików RPM dla zdalnych repozytoriów.
# zypper mr -Kt
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-source'.
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update'.
RPM files caching has been disabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
18. Włącz buforowanie plików RPM dla zdalnych repozytoriów.
# zypper mr -kt
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug'.
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update'.
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-debug-update-non-oss'.
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-non-oss'.
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-oss'.
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-source'.
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update'.
RPM files caching has been enabled for repository 'repo-update-non-oss'.
Dodawanie repozytoriów
Możesz użyć dowolnego z dwóch poleceń – „zypper adrepo” lub „zypper ar”. Aby dodać repozytorium, możesz użyć adresu URL repozytorium lub aliasu.
19. Dodaj repozytorium, powiedz „http://download.opensuse.org/update/12.3/ ”.
# zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/ update
Adding repository 'update' .............................................................................................................................................................[done]
Repository 'update' successfully added
Enabled : Yes
Autorefresh : No
GPG check : Yes
URI : http://download.opensuse.org/update/11.1/
20. Zmień nazwę repozytorium. Zmieni jedynie alias. Możesz użyć polecenia „zypper namerepo” lub „zypper nr”. Aby zmienić nazwę, czyli zmienić alias repozytorium pojawiającego się pod numerem 10 (zypper lr) na upd8, uruchom poniższe polecenie.
# zypper nr 10 upd8
Repository 'update' renamed to 'upd8'.
Usuwanie repozytoriów
21. Usuń repozytorium. Spowoduje to usunięcie repozytorium z systemu. Możesz użyć polecenia „zypper Removerepo” lub „zypper rr”. Aby usunąć repozytorium, powiedz „upd8”, uruchom poniższe polecenie.
# zypper rr upd8
Removing repository 'upd8' .........................................................................................[done]
Repository 'upd8' has been removed.
Zarządzanie pakietami za pomocą Zyppera
Zainstaluj pakiet za pomocą Zyppera
22. Dzięki Zypperowi możemy instalować pakiety w oparciu o nazwę możliwości. Na przykład, aby zainstalować pakiet (powiedzmy Mozilla Firefox), używając nazwy możliwości.
# zypper in MozillaFirefox
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
The following 128 NEW packages are going to be installed:
adwaita-icon-theme at-spi2-atk-common at-spi2-atk-gtk2 at-spi2-core cantarell-fonts cups-libs desktop-file-utils fontconfig gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders gstreamer gstreamer-fluendo-mp3
gstreamer-plugins-base gtk2-branding-openSUSE gtk2-data gtk2-immodule-amharic gtk2-immodule-inuktitut gtk2-immodule-thai gtk2-immodule-vietnamese gtk2-metatheme-adwaita
gtk2-theming-engine-adwaita gtk2-tools gtk3-data gtk3-metatheme-adwaita gtk3-tools hicolor-icon-theme hicolor-icon-theme-branding-openSUSE libasound2 libatk-1_0-0 libatk-bridge-2_0-0
libatspi0 libcairo2 libcairo-gobject2 libcanberra0 libcanberra-gtk0 libcanberra-gtk2-module libcanberra-gtk3-0 libcanberra-gtk3-module libcanberra-gtk-module-common libcdda_interface0
libcdda_paranoia0 libcolord2 libdrm2 libdrm_intel1 libdrm_nouveau2 libdrm_radeon1 libFLAC8 libfreebl3 libgbm1 libgdk_pixbuf-2_0-0 libgraphite2-3 libgstapp-1_0-0 libgstaudio-1_0-0
libgstpbutils-1_0-0 libgstreamer-1_0-0 libgstriff-1_0-0 libgsttag-1_0-0 libgstvideo-1_0-0 libgthread-2_0-0 libgtk-2_0-0 libgtk-3-0 libharfbuzz0 libjasper1 libjbig2 libjpeg8 libjson-c2
liblcms2-2 libLLVM libltdl7 libnsssharedhelper0 libogg0 liborc-0_4-0 libpackagekit-glib2-18 libpango-1_0-0 libpciaccess0 libpixman-1-0 libpulse0 libsndfile1 libsoftokn3 libspeex1
libsqlite3-0 libstartup-notification-1-0 libtheoradec1 libtheoraenc1 libtiff5 libvisual libvorbis0 libvorbisenc2 libvorbisfile3 libwayland-client0 libwayland-cursor0 libwayland-server0
libX11-xcb1 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-render0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb-util1 libxcb-xfixes0 libXcomposite1 libXcursor1 libXdamage1 libXevie1
libXfixes3 libXft2 libXi6 libXinerama1 libxkbcommon-0_4_3 libXrandr2 libXrender1 libxshmfence1 libXtst6 libXv1 libXxf86vm1 Mesa Mesa-libEGL1 Mesa-libGL1 Mesa-libglapi0
metatheme-adwaita-common MozillaFirefox MozillaFirefox-branding-openSUSE mozilla-nss mozilla-nss-certs PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin pango-tools sound-theme-freedesktop
The following 10 recommended packages were automatically selected:
gstreamer-fluendo-mp3 gtk2-branding-openSUSE gtk2-data gtk2-immodule-amharic gtk2-immodule-inuktitut gtk2-immodule-thai gtk2-immodule-vietnamese libcanberra0 libpulse0
PackageKit-gstreamer-plugin
128 new packages to install.
Overall download size: 77.2 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 200.0 MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
Retrieving package cantarell-fonts-0.0.16-1.1.noarch (1/128), 74.1 KiB (115.6 KiB unpacked)
Retrieving: cantarell-fonts-0.0.16-1.1.noarch.rpm .........................................................................................................................[done (63.4 KiB/s)]
Retrieving package hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch (2/128), 40.1 KiB ( 50.5 KiB unpacked)
Retrieving: hicolor-icon-theme-0.13-2.1.2.noarch.rpm ...................................................................................................................................[done]
Retrieving package sound-theme-freedesktop-0.8-7.1.2.noarch (3/128), 372.6 KiB (460.3 KiB unpacked)
23. Zainstaluj pakiet (powiedzmy gcc), używając wersji.
# zypper in 'gcc<5.1'
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed:
cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49
13 new packages to install.
Overall download size: 14.5 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
24. Zainstaluj pakiet (powiedzmy gcc) dla architektury (powiedzmy i586).
# zypper in gcc.i586
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed:
cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49
13 new packages to install.
Overall download size: 14.5 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
Retrieving package libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64 (1/13), 74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked)
Retrieving: libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm .......................................................................................................................[done (79.2 KiB/s)]
Retrieving package libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64 (2/13), 14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked)
Retrieving: libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm ...............................................................................................................[done (55.3 KiB/s)]25. Zainstaluj pakiet (powiedzmy gcc) dla określonej architektury (powiedzmy i586) i konkretnej wersji (powiedzmy <5.1 >),
# zypper in 'gcc.i586<5.1'
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
The following 13 NEW packages are going to be installed:
cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10 libitm1-gcc49 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libtsan0-gcc49
13 new packages to install.
Overall download size: 14.4 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 49.4 MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
In cache libasan0-4.8.3+r212056-2.2.4.x86_64.rpm (1/13), 74.2 KiB (166.9 KiB unpacked)
In cache libatomic1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm (2/13), 14.3 KiB ( 26.1 KiB unpacked)
In cache libgomp1-gcc49-4.9.0+r211729-2.1.7.x86_64.rpm (3/13), 41.1 KiB ( 90.7 KiB unpacked)
26. Zainstaluj pakiet (powiedzmy libxine) z repozytorium (amarok).
# zypper in amarok upd:libxine1
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
The following 202 NEW packages are going to be installed:
amarok bundle-lang-kde-en clamz cups-libs enscript fontconfig gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders ghostscript-fonts-std gptfdisk gstreamer gstreamer-plugins-base hicolor-icon-theme
hicolor-icon-theme-branding-openSUSE htdig hunspell hunspell-tools icoutils ispell ispell-american kde4-filesystem kdebase4-runtime kdebase4-runtime-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4
kdelibs4-branding-openSUSE kdelibs4-core kdialog libakonadi4 l
.....
27. Zainstaluj pakiet (powiedzmy git), używając nazwy (-n).
# zypper in -n git
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
The following 35 NEW packages are going to be installed:
cvs cvsps fontconfig git git-core git-cvs git-email git-gui gitk git-svn git-web libserf-1-1 libsqlite3-0 libXft2 libXrender1 libXss1 perl-Authen-SASL perl-Clone perl-DBD-SQLite perl-DBI
perl-Error perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-MLDBM perl-Net-Daemon perl-Net-SMTP-SSL perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Params-Util perl-PlRPC perl-SQL-Statement perl-Term-ReadKey subversion subversion-perl tcl
tk xhost
The following 13 recommended packages were automatically selected:
git-cvs git-email git-gui gitk git-svn git-web perl-Authen-SASL perl-Clone perl-MLDBM perl-Net-Daemon perl-Net-SMTP-SSL perl-PlRPC perl-SQL-Statement
The following package is suggested, but will not be installed:
git-daemon
35 new packages to install.
Overall download size: 15.6 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 56.7 MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
28. Zainstaluj pakiet, używając znaków wieloznacznych. Na przykład zainstaluj wszystkie pakiety php5.
# zypper in php5*
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
Problem: php5-5.6.1-18.1.x86_64 requires smtp_daemon, but this requirement cannot be provided
uninstallable providers: exim-4.83-3.1.8.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.x86_64[openSUSE-13.2-0]
exim-4.83-3.1.8.i586[repo-oss]
msmtp-mta-1.4.32-2.1.3.i586[repo-oss]
postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.i586[repo-oss]
sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.i586[repo-oss]
exim-4.83-3.1.8.x86_64[repo-oss]
msmtp-mta-1.4.32-2.1.3.x86_64[repo-oss]
postfix-2.11.0-5.2.2.x86_64[repo-oss]
sendmail-8.14.9-2.2.2.x86_64[repo-oss]
postfix-2.11.3-5.5.1.i586[repo-update]
postfix-2.11.3-5.5.1.x86_64[repo-update]
Solution 1: Following actions will be done:
do not install php5-5.6.1-18.1.x86_64
do not install php5-pear-Auth_SASL-1.0.6-7.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Http-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Image-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Kolab_Format-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Ldap-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Memcache-2.0.1-7.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Mime-2.0.2-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Oauth-2.0.0-6.1.3.noarch
do not install php5-pear-Horde_Pdf-2.0.1-6.1.3.noarch
....
29. Zainstaluj pakiet (powiedzmy lamp_server) używając wzorzec (grupa pakietów).
# zypper in -t pattern lamp_server
ading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
The following 29 NEW packages are going to be installed:
apache2 apache2-doc apache2-example-pages apache2-mod_perl apache2-prefork patterns-openSUSE-lamp_server perl-Data-Dump perl-Encode-Locale perl-File-Listing perl-HTML-Parser
perl-HTML-Tagset perl-HTTP-Cookies perl-HTTP-Daemon perl-HTTP-Date perl-HTTP-Message perl-HTTP-Negotiate perl-IO-HTML perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-libwww-perl perl-Linux-Pid
perl-LWP-MediaTypes perl-LWP-Protocol-https perl-Net-HTTP perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Tie-IxHash perl-TimeDate perl-URI perl-WWW-RobotRules yast2-http-server
The following NEW pattern is going to be installed:
lamp_server
The following 10 recommended packages were automatically selected:
apache2 apache2-doc apache2-example-pages apache2-mod_perl apache2-prefork perl-Data-Dump perl-IO-Socket-SSL perl-LWP-Protocol-https perl-TimeDate yast2-http-server
29 new packages to install.
Overall download size: 7.2 MiB. Already cached: 1.2 MiB After the operation, additional 34.7 MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
30. Zainstaluj pakiet (powiedzmy nano) i usuń pakiet (powiedz vi) za jednym razem.
# zypper in nano -vi
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
'-vi' not found in package names. Trying capabilities.
Resolving package dependencies...
The following 2 NEW packages are going to be installed:
nano nano-lang
The following package is going to be REMOVED:
vim
The following recommended package was automatically selected:
nano-lang
2 new packages to install, 1 to remove.
Overall download size: 550.0 KiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, 463.3 KiB will be freed.
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
...
31. Zainstaluj pakiet RPM (powiedzmy teamviewer).
# zypper in teamviewer*.rpm
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
The following 24 NEW packages are going to be installed:
alsa-oss-32bit fontconfig-32bit libasound2-32bit libexpat1-32bit libfreetype6-32bit libgcc_s1-gcc49-32bit libICE6-32bit libjpeg62-32bit libpng12-0-32bit libpng16-16-32bit libSM6-32bit
libuuid1-32bit libX11-6-32bit libXau6-32bit libxcb1-32bit libXdamage1-32bit libXext6-32bit libXfixes3-32bit libXinerama1-32bit libXrandr2-32bit libXrender1-32bit libXtst6-32bit
libz1-32bit teamviewer
The following recommended package was automatically selected:
alsa-oss-32bit
24 new packages to install.
Overall download size: 41.2 MiB. Already cached: 0 B After the operation, additional 119.7 MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
..
Usuń paczkę za pomocą Zyppera
32. Aby usunąć dowolny pakiet, możesz użyć poleceń „zypper usuń” lub „zypper rm”. Na przykład, aby usunąć pakiet (powiedzmy Apache2), uruchom:
zypper remove apache2
Or
# zypper rm apache2
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
The following 2 packages are going to be REMOVED:
apache2 apache2-prefork
2 packages to remove.
After the operation, 4.2 MiB will be freed.
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
(1/2) Removing apache2-2.4.10-19.1 ........................................................................[done]
(2/2) Removing apache2-prefork-2.4.10-19.1 ................................................................[done]
Aktualizacja pakietów za pomocą Zyppera
33. Zaktualizuj wszystkie pakiety. Możesz użyć poleceń „zypper update” lub „zypper up”.
# zypper up
OR
# zypper update
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Nothing to do.
34. Zaktualizuj określone pakiety (powiedzmy Apache2 i openssh).
# zypper up apache2 openssh
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
No update candidate for 'apache2-2.4.10-19.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
No update candidate for 'openssh-6.6p1-5.1.3.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
Resolving package dependencies...
Nothing to do.
35. Zainstaluj pakiet, powiedzmy (mariadb), jeśli nie jest zainstalowany, jeśli jest zainstalowany, zaktualizuj go.
# zypper in mariadb
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
'mariadb' is already installed.
No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
Resolving package dependencies...
Nothing to do.
Zainstaluj źródło i zbuduj zależności
Możesz użyć poleceń „zypper source-install” lub „zypper si”, aby zbudować pakiety ze źródła.
36. Zainstaluj pakiety źródłowe i utwórz ich zależności dla pakietu (powiedzmy mariadb).
zypper si mariadb
Reading installed packages...
Loading repository data...
Resolving package dependencies...
The following 36 NEW packages are going to be installed:
autoconf automake bison cmake cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 gcc48-c++ gcc-c++ libaio-devel libarchive13 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libedit-devel libevent-devel libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10
libitm1-gcc49 libltdl7 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libopenssl-devel libstdc++48-devel libtool libtsan0-gcc49 m4 make ncurses-devel pam-devel readline-devel site-config tack tcpd-devel zlib-devel
The following source package is going to be installed:
mariadb
36 new packages to install, 1 source package.
Overall download size: 71.5 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 183.9 MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
37. Zainstaluj tylko źródło pakietu (powiedzmy mariadb).
zypper in -D mariadb
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
'mariadb' is already installed.
No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
Resolving package dependencies...
Nothing to do.
38. Zainstaluj tylko zależności kompilacji dla pakietów (powiedzmy mariadb).
zypper si -d mariadb
Reading installed packages...
Loading repository data...
Resolving package dependencies...
The following 36 NEW packages are going to be installed:
autoconf automake bison cmake cpp cpp48 gcc gcc48 gcc48-c++ gcc-c++ libaio-devel libarchive13 libasan0 libatomic1-gcc49 libcloog-isl4 libedit-devel libevent-devel libgomp1-gcc49 libisl10
libitm1-gcc49 libltdl7 libmpc3 libmpfr4 libopenssl-devel libstdc++48-devel libtool libtsan0-gcc49 m4 make ncurses-devel pam-devel readline-devel site-config tack tcpd-devel zlib-devel
The following package is recommended, but will not be installed due to conflicts or dependency issues:
readline-doc
36 new packages to install.
Overall download size: 33.7 MiB. Already cached: 129.5 KiB After the operation, additional 144.3 MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
Zypper w skryptach i aplikacjach
39. Zainstaluj pakiet (powiedzmy mariadb) bez interakcji użytkownika.
# zypper --non-interactive in mariadb
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
'mariadb' is already installed.
No update candidate for 'mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1.x86_64'. The highest available version is already installed.
Resolving package dependencies...
Nothing to do.
40. Usuń pakiet (powiedzmy mariadb) bez interakcji użytkownika.
# zypper --non-interactive rm mariadb
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
The following package is going to be REMOVED:
mariadb
1 package to remove.
After the operation, 71.8 MiB will be freed.
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
(1/1) Removing mariadb-10.0.13-2.6.1 .............................................................................[done]
41. Wyjście Zypper w formacie XML.
# zypper --xmlout
Usage:
zypper [--global-options] <command> [--command-options] [arguments]
Global Options
....
42. Generuj cichą moc wyjściową podczas instalacji.
# zypper --quiet in mariadb
The following NEW package is going to be installed:
mariadb
1 new package to install.
Overall download size: 0 B. Already cached: 7.8 MiB After the operation, additional 71.8 MiB will be used.
Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y):
...
43. Generuj cichą moc w instalacji UN.
# zypper --quiet rm mariadb
44. Automatycznie akceptuj licencje/umowy.
# zypper patch --auto-agree-with-licenses
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Resolving package dependencies...
Nothing to do.
Wyczyść pamięć podręczną Zyppera i przeglądaj historię
45. Jeśli chcesz wyczyścić tylko pamięć podręczną Zyppera, możesz użyć następującego polecenia.
# zypper clean
All repositories have been cleaned up.
Jeśli chcesz od razu wyczyścić metadane i pamięć podręczną pakietów, możesz przekazać –all/-a za pomocą Zypper as.
# zypper clean -a
All repositories have been cleaned up.
46. Aby wyświetlić logi wszelkich zainstalowanych, zaktualizowanych lub usuniętych pakietów poprzez Zypper, zaloguj się w /var/log/zypp/history. Możesz go zakotwiczyć, aby wyświetlić, lub użyć filtra, aby uzyskać niestandardowy wynik.
# cat /var/log/zypp/history
2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|boost-license1_54_0|1.54.0-10.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|0523b909d2aae5239f9841316dafaf3a37b4f096|
2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|branding-openSUSE|13.2-3.6.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|6609def94b1987bf3f90a9467f4f7ab8f8d98a5c|
2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|bundle-lang-common-en|13.2-3.3.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|ca55694e6fdebee6ce37ac7cf3725e2aa6edc342|
2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|insserv-compat|0.1-12.2.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|6160de7fbf961a279591a83a1550093a581214d9|
2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|libX11-data|1.6.2-5.1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|f1cb58364ba9016c1f93b1a383ba12463c56885a|
2015-05-07 15:43:03|install|libnl-config|3.2.25-2.1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|aab2ded312a781e93b739b418e3d32fe4e187020|
2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|wireless-regdb|2014.06.13-1.2|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|be8cb16f3e92af12b5ceb977e37e13f03c007bd1|
2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-en_US|3.1.0-2.1|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|1865754e5e0ec3c149ac850b340bcca55a3c404d|
2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|yast2-trans-stats|2.19.0-16.1.3|noarch||openSUSE-13.2-0|b107d2b3e702835885b57b04d12d25539f262d1a|
2015-05-07 15:43:04|install|cracklib-dict-full|2.8.12-64.1.2|x86_64||openSUSE-13.2-0|08bd45dbba7ad44e3a4837f730be76f55ad5dcfa|
......
Zaktualizuj Suse za pomocą Zyppera
47. Możesz użyć opcji „dist-upgrade” z poleceniem Zypper, aby zaktualizować bieżący Suse Linux do najnowszej wersji.
# zypper dist-upgrade
You are about to do a distribution upgrade with all enabled repositories. Make sure these repositories are compatible before you continue. See 'man zypper' for more information about this command.
Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-0' cache .....................................................................[done]
Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' metadata ............................................................[done]
Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Debug' cache .................................................................[done]
Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' metadata ..........................................................[done]
Building repository 'openSUSE-13.2-Non-Oss' cache ...............................................................[done]
To wszystko na teraz. Mam nadzieję, że ten artykuł pomoże Ci w zarządzaniu systemem SUSE i serwerem, specjalnie dla początkujących. Jeśli uważasz, że zostawiłem pewne polecenia (Człowiek się myli), możesz przekazać nam swoją opinię w komentarzach, abyśmy mogli zaktualizować artykuł. Pozostań w kontakcie, komentuj dalej, bądź na bieżąco. Sława!